Diagnostic and Statistical Manual †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Answer: Introduction: This essay demonstrates the assistance that should be given to Razzaq and his family members by the registered Nurse and other healthcare professionals so that he recovers soon. It also discusses three mental health assessments that are required in order to assess Razzaq. The essay demonstrates the medical, psychosocial and nursing care interventions that are required to improve the well-being of Razzaq (Muskett, 2014).It explains the ethical and legal principles that need to be considered when delivering patient centred care.It also focuses on the cultural needs and explains the culturally evidence based care for Razzaq. Razzaq is suffering from post traumatic stress disorder since he was held in a detention centre for two years. He gets scared very soon when he hears any sound as it reminds him of the noises from war. He is irritated and shouts on his wife and hits her after getting angry. He also yells at his kids on petty issues. Nurses and other health care professionals can play an important role in providing care to Razzaq (Moorhead et al., 2013). They can provide counselling to him and his family members. It is important for them to work as a team by using proper interpersonal skills and provide patient centred care to the patient. They should guide and assist Razzaq to remain calm which will help him to lower down his anger at small issue. It is important for them to remain patient while dealing with him and his family members since he does not have a normal mental state (Happell Gaskin, 2013).A carer should be appointed for Razzaq so that he provides proper support and care services to him and his family members. It is important for the nurses, healthcare professionals and the carers to perform their duties effectively so that Razzaq recovers from his health issues (Hockenberry Wilson, 2014). Three mental health assessments required to assess Razzaq Amental health assessmentgives the concerned physician a complete picture of Razzaqs emotional state. Mental assessments will enable the medical practitioners to analyse his cognitive functioning and higher mental faculties related to thinking, reasoning and remembering. Some of the assessments will require a written examination where Razzaq might have to answer some questions in writing management. This will help the physicians to assess his mood and behavior and how well he can express himself. The mental assessments will also involve questions related to his association with the people surrounding him, which includes his family members and friends. The assessments will be generally carried out by a psychiatrist or social worker and the results will be kept confidential. 3 such assessments that can be conducted are: face-to-face interviews, brief trauma questionnaire and aftermath battle scale screening (Hoge et al., 2014). Face-to-face interviews are considered as an optimal evalu ation for PTSD patients. Unstructured interview will be used to elicit information about his symptoms. A semi-structured diagnostic interview will also be conducted that will employ a screening tool such as the SCID, CAPS, PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview Version (PSS-I) or Structured Interview for PTSD (SIP) management. These instruments will the mental status of the patient in a clinical setting (Bovin et al., 2016). The CAPS interview can be conducted to determine if Razzaq meets the diagnostic DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. The intensity and frequency of his symptoms can be assessed. The trauma questionnaires will measure the degree of trauma he has experienced or has been exposed to. 10 self report questions will be asked to derive information on the events he has faced. The exposure to a particular event will be given a positive score if he replies yes to the questions being asked on his life threat or incidents of severe injury. The screening of battle aftermath will measure his expos ure to cobat consequences and will make a close observation of the way he handles human remains or interacts with prisoners or detainees of any war (Schaller, 2012). It will also make a record of his interaction with homeless refugees and people belonging to devastated communities. A 6 point Likert scale will be used to measure the observations where 1 would represent never and 6 would represent most likely or daily. Ethical and legal principles There are several ethical and legal principles that should be taken into account while delivering patient centred care to Razzaq. There are six ethical principles that should be followed by the nursing staff while providing care to him such as autonomy (respect) towards the patient, beneficence( providing benefit to the patient), Non- maleficience (avoiding harmful deeds), Justice( no discrimination in providing care to the patient), Veracity( truth) and fidelity( being faithful)* Butcher et al.,2013). These principles would play an important role in providing quality and patient centred care to Razzaq and taking ethical decisions. These principles can be referred from American Nurses Association code of ethics. This code demonstrates the ethical standards that are required by the nurses and other health care professionals to perform their roles and responsibilities diligently (Norman Ryrie, 2013). The nursing staff should follow legal principles such as laws related to the nursing practice and maintain professional standards of nursing practice. Nurses should be properly educated and trained to handle different types of patients such as aggressive, depressed or have experienced any trauma in the past. They should not be negligent in providing safety or use of any malpractice while dealing with Razzaq as it may lead to a cancellation of the licence of the nurse (Robson et al., 2013). Nursing staff should respect the cultural and the religious background of Razzaq and not discriminate him on the basis of his caste or religion. They should understand his religious beliefs and practices related to faith such as praying to god (Wynaden et al., 2014).Since, Razzaq belongs to a muslim family he should be allowed to pray any number of times according to his wishes. They should also understand his spiritual requirements such as if he has any issues related to faith, hope or fear (Corrigan, Druss Perlick, 2014).He should be provided individual attention when issues such as privacy and dignity are concerned. For instance, if he wishes to be addressed by a nursing staff of the same gender in order to provide nursing care. He should be provided food according to his requirements and it should be documented properly in his diet chart so that he gets a quality patient experience (Townsend, 2014). Hence, it can be concluded that Razzaq should be provided counselling to him and his family members by the nursing staff and healthcare professionals. It is important for them to work as a team by using proper interpersonal skills and provide patient centred care to the patient. Razzaq should be taken along with his wife for mental health assessment so that she can explain his behavioural symptoms in a better manner.The three methods of mental assessment that can be done for Razzaq are by assessing his physical health, emotional health and mental health of the patient by the doctor. Various medical, psychosocial and nursing care interventions can be taken to improve his health condition from post traumatic stress disorder. There are several ethical and legal principles that should be taken into account while delivering patient centred care to Razzaq. The nursing staff should follow legal principles such as laws related to the nursing practice and maintain professional standards of nu rsing practice to provide patient centred care to Razzaq. References Bovin, M. J., Marx, B. P., Weathers, F. W., Gallagher, M. W., Rodriguez, P., Schnurr, P. P., Keane, T. M. (2016). Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersFifth Edition (PCL-5) in veterans.Psychological Assessment,28(11), 1379. Butcher, H. K., Bulechek, G. M., Dochterman, J. M. M., Wagner, C. (2013).Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)-E-Book management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Corrigan, P. W., Druss, B. G., Perlick, D. A. (2014). The impact of mental illness stigma on seeking and participating in mental health care.Psychological Science in the Public Interest,15(2), 37-70. https://books.google.co.in/books? Happell, B., Gaskin, C. J. (2013). The attitudes of undergraduate nursing students towards mental health nursing: a systematic review.Journal of Clinical Nursing,22(1-2), 148-158. DOI:10.1111/jocn.12022 Hockenberry, M. J., Wilson, D. (2014).Wong's Nursing Care of Infants and Children-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. https://books.google.co.in/books Hoge, C. W., Grossman, S. H., Auchterlonie, J. L., Riviere, L. A., Milliken, C. S., Wilk, J. E. (2014). PTSD treatment for soldiers after combat deployment: Low utilization of mental health care and reasons for dropout.Psychiatric Services,65(8), 997-1004. Moorhead, S., Johnson, M., Maas, M. L., Swanson, E. (2014).Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)-E-Book: Measurement of Health Outcomes. Elsevier Health Sciences. https://books.google.co.in/books? Muskett, C. 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Wynaden, D., Heslop, K., Al Omari, O., Nelson, D., Osmond, B., Taylor, M., Gee, T. (2014). Identifying mental health nursing research priorities: A Delphi study.Contemporary nurse,47(1-2), 16-26. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2014.11081902